Choosing the right shotshell size is crucial for successful hunting and shooting. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed 12 gauge shot size chart, explaining the different sizes, their applications, and factors to consider when selecting the appropriate ammunition. Understanding shot size directly impacts your effectiveness and safety.
Understanding 12 Gauge Shot Sizes
The 12 gauge shotshell system uses a numerical system to denote shot size, with smaller numbers indicating larger shot pellets. This can be confusing at first, but the chart below will clarify. The size is determined by the number of lead pellets that can be made from a single pound of lead. Therefore, a smaller number means fewer, larger pellets.
12 Gauge Shot Size Chart:
| Shot Size | Pellet Diameter (inches) | Pellet Count (approx. per ounce) | Typical Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| #4 | 0.130 | 115 | Ducks, geese (longer ranges) |
| #2 | 0.156 | 80 | Ducks, geese (medium ranges), upland game birds |
| #1 | 0.170 | 60 | Ducks, geese (close ranges) |
| BB | 0.180 | 50 | Geese, large waterfowl |
| BBB (or 00) | 0.200 | 40 | Geese, large waterfowl |
| 000 (or 0000) | 0.220 | 30 | Geese, large waterfowl (very close ranges) |
| T | 0.240 | 25 | Geese, large waterfowl (extremely close ranges) |
| Rifled Slug | - | 1 | Deer, large game |
Note: These are approximate values, and the actual pellet count can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer.
Factors Affecting Shot Size Selection
Several factors must be considered when choosing the right shot size for your hunting or shooting activity:
1. Target Species and Size:
- Smaller game birds (e.g., quail, doves): Smaller shot sizes (#7 ½, #8, #9) are generally preferred. Note that 12 gauge is often oversized for this type of hunting and smaller gauges may be more appropriate.
- Larger game birds (e.g., ducks, geese): Larger shot sizes (#4, #2, #1, BB, BBB) are needed, particularly for longer ranges.
- Larger game animals (e.g., deer): Rifled slugs are required.
2. Shooting Distance:
The distance to the target is a critical factor influencing shot size selection. Larger shot sizes retain their energy better over longer distances but pattern more sparsely. Smaller shot sizes require closer range to be effective.
3. Choke:
The choke of your shotgun barrel affects the shot pattern. A tighter choke constricts the shot pattern, increasing the density of pellets at longer ranges. A wider choke will spread the pattern, ideal for closer shots or smaller, faster-moving targets.
4. Ammunition Type:
Beyond lead shot, various ammunition types are available, such as steel, bismuth, or tungsten-iron shot. These alternatives are often denser than lead, offering greater energy retention at longer distances. However, they can also cause more damage to your firearm over time due to their increased hardness. Always consult your firearm manufacturer's recommendations for the use of steel or other non-lead shot.
Conclusion
Selecting the correct 12 gauge shot size is paramount for ethical hunting and safe shooting practices. This chart provides a starting point, but always consult hunting regulations and consider the factors outlined above. Understanding shot size, distance, choke, and ammunition type is critical for success and responsible shooting. Remember to always practice safe gun handling procedures.
