The term "coach gun" evokes images of the Wild West, a compact and powerful firearm wielded by stagecoach drivers and lawmen alike. While the romanticized image often features larger gauges, the 20 gauge coach gun holds a significant place in this history, offering a potent blend of portability and stopping power. This article delves into the fascinating world of 20 gauge coach guns, exploring their origins, functionality, modern variations, and considerations for potential buyers.
A History Steeped in the American West
The concept of a short, easily-concealed shotgun dates back to the 19th century. Early coach guns were often repurposed shotguns or custom-built firearms, designed to protect against bandits and other threats. The 20 gauge, while perhaps less common than its 12 and 10 gauge counterparts, provided a practical compromise: less recoil than larger gauges, yet still delivering significant stopping power. This made it a popular choice for those who needed a manageable yet effective self-defense weapon. The compact design, typically with double barrels, allowed for quick follow-up shots, crucial in close-quarters confrontations.
Understanding the Mechanics of a 20 Gauge Coach Gun
A typical 20 gauge coach gun operates on a side-by-side double-barrel system. This means two barrels are positioned side-by-side, each firing a single 20 gauge shell. Most models feature a hammer-fired action, requiring manual cocking of the hammers before each shot. Some modern variations incorporate safety mechanisms, but understanding the firearm's mechanics and operating procedures is paramount for safe handling. The short barrels contribute to the weapon's maneuverability, making it ideal for close-range engagements, but also limit its effective range compared to longer-barreled shotguns.
Key Features to Consider:
- Barrel Length: Shorter barrels are more maneuverable but reduce effective range and potentially affect shot patterns.
- Choke: The choke constriction at the muzzle of the barrel affects shot pattern spread. Common chokes include cylinder, modified, and full.
- Action: Side-by-side double barrel is the most common, though other configurations exist.
- Safety Mechanisms: Modern coach guns often incorporate manual safeties.
- Stock Design: Stock length and design affect ergonomics and should be considered for a comfortable and secure grip.
Modern Interpretations and Uses
While the romanticized image of the Wild West persists, the 20 gauge coach gun today finds its place in various roles. Many modern manufacturers produce versions suitable for home defense, hunting small game at close range, or even competition shooting (though this is less common). The compact size and manageable recoil continue to make it an attractive option for those who prioritize portability and ease of use. However, the short barrel and potentially tighter shot patterns should be carefully considered when choosing ammunition and intended use.
Considerations Before Purchase
Before purchasing a 20 gauge coach gun, thorough research is essential. Consider factors such as:
- Intended Use: Home defense, hunting, or collecting? This will influence your choice of features and accessories.
- Safety Training: Proper firearm handling and safety training are absolutely crucial before using any firearm, especially a coach gun.
- Legal Restrictions: Understand and comply with all local, state, and federal laws regarding firearm ownership and usage.
- Ammunition Selection: Choose appropriate ammunition for your intended use, considering shot size and type.
The 20 gauge coach gun, a piece of American history, continues to hold its own in the modern world. Its compact size and potent stopping power remain compelling features, but responsible ownership and understanding its limitations are paramount. This article offers a starting point for your research – further exploration into specific models and manufacturers is highly recommended before making a purchase.
