Choosing between the ubiquitous .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) and the increasingly popular .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (.17 HMR) can be a tough decision for shooters. Both are rimfire cartridges, meaning the primer is located in the rim of the cartridge case, but their performance characteristics differ significantly. This comprehensive guide will delve into the key distinctions to help you determine which cartridge best suits your needs.
Ballistics: Speed, Energy, and Range
The most significant difference lies in their ballistic performance. The .17 HMR boasts a considerably higher muzzle velocity and flatter trajectory compared to the .22 LR.
- .17 HMR: Typically achieves muzzle velocities around 2550 feet per second (fps) with a much flatter trajectory. This translates to greater accuracy at longer ranges.
- .22 LR: Muzzle velocities vary greatly depending on the ammunition, typically ranging from 1000 to 1200 fps. It has a more pronounced bullet drop over distance.
This higher velocity in the .17 HMR results in superior energy downrange, making it more effective for small game hunting at longer distances. The .22 LR, while effective at close range, loses energy quickly.
Accuracy and Precision
Both cartridges are capable of impressive accuracy, but their characteristics lead to different applications.
- .17 HMR: The higher velocity and flatter trajectory contribute to better long-range accuracy, making it ideal for target shooting at longer distances and small game hunting. However, the lighter bullet can be more susceptible to wind drift.
- .22 LR: While not as accurate at longer ranges, the .22 LR provides excellent accuracy at closer distances, making it suitable for plinking, informal target shooting, and pest control. Its heavier bullets are generally less affected by wind.
Cost and Availability
A significant factor to consider is the cost and availability of ammunition.
- .17 HMR: Generally more expensive than .22 LR ammunition. While widely available, it might be less readily stocked at smaller retailers compared to the ubiquitous .22 LR.
- .22 LR: Remains incredibly affordable and readily available nearly everywhere firearms and ammunition are sold. This widespread availability contributes to its popularity.
Applications: Hunting, Target Shooting, and Pest Control
The ideal application depends heavily on the cartridge's characteristics.
- .17 HMR: Excellent for small game hunting (squirrels, rabbits, prairie dogs) at moderate to longer ranges. Its flat trajectory and higher energy make it effective. Also popular for target shooting at longer ranges.
- .22 LR: Widely used for plinking, informal target practice, and pest control (mice, rats). Its affordability and availability make it a popular choice for casual shooting. Also used for hunting smaller game at close range.
Recoil
Recoil is another factor to consider, particularly for new or less experienced shooters.
- .17 HMR: While not excessively powerful, the .17 HMR has noticeably more recoil than the .22 LR.
- .22 LR: Known for its very mild recoil, making it an excellent choice for beginners and those sensitive to recoil.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The best choice between .22 LR and .17 HMR depends entirely on your intended use. The .22 LR remains a champion of affordability, availability, and mild recoil, perfect for casual shooting and close-range applications. The .17 HMR excels in accuracy and power at longer ranges, making it ideal for hunting smaller game and target shooting at greater distances. Carefully consider your specific needs and priorities before making your decision.
