Decoding the Differences: .22 LR vs. .22 Long
The .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) and the .22 Long are two distinct rimfire cartridges often confused due to their similar names. While they share a common ancestor and similar diameters, understanding their key differences is crucial for safe and effective shooting. This guide will break down the critical distinctions between these two cartridges.
Cartridge Dimensions and Power: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The most significant difference lies in their size and resulting power. The .22 Long is, as the name suggests, shorter and less powerful than the .22 LR.
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.22 Long: This older cartridge features a shorter case, resulting in a smaller powder charge. This translates to significantly less velocity and energy compared to its successor. Its shorter length also limits the bullet weight it can accommodate.
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.22 Long Rifle (.22 LR): This cartridge is longer, allowing for a larger powder charge. This leads to a much higher muzzle velocity and greater downrange energy. The increased case length also permits the use of heavier bullets. The .22 LR is far more common and readily available than the .22 Long.
| Feature | .22 Long | .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) |
|---|---|---|
| Case Length | Shorter | Longer |
| Powder Charge | Smaller | Larger |
| Muzzle Velocity | Significantly Lower | Significantly Higher |
| Energy | Significantly Lower | Significantly Higher |
| Bullet Weight | Limited | Greater Range Available |
| Availability | Less Common | Extremely Common |
| Cost | Can be More Expensive | Generally Less Expensive |
Ballistics and Practical Applications
The ballistic differences significantly impact practical applications:
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.22 Long: Primarily used in older firearms and occasionally for target shooting at very close ranges. Its low power makes it unsuitable for hunting or self-defense.
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.22 Long Rifle (.22 LR): This cartridge is far more versatile. Its higher velocity and energy make it suitable for small game hunting (squirrels, rabbits), plinking, target shooting, and even some forms of self-defense (though other calibers are generally preferred). Its widespread availability and affordability make it a popular choice for many shooters.
Firearms Compatibility: A Note of Caution
It is crucial to understand firearm compatibility. While some older firearms might be designed to fire both .22 Long and .22 LR cartridges, others are only compatible with one or the other. Never attempt to fire a .22 LR cartridge in a firearm chambered only for .22 Long cartridges. This can lead to dangerous malfunctions and potential injury. Always carefully check your firearm's manual to confirm compatible cartridges.
Summary: Choosing the Right Cartridge
For most modern shooting applications, the .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) is the clear winner. Its superior performance, wider availability, and lower cost make it the preferred choice for plinking, target shooting, and small game hunting. The .22 Long remains a niche cartridge with limited practical applications. Always prioritize firearm safety and consult your firearm's manual before using any ammunition.
