Buying a firearm in Missouri involves navigating specific state and federal regulations. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the process, ensuring you understand the legal requirements before purchasing a gun. Remember, this information is for guidance only and doesn't constitute legal advice. Always consult with legal professionals for personalized advice.
Who Can Legally Buy a Gun in Missouri?
Missouri law dictates who is eligible to purchase firearms. Generally, you must be:
- At least 18 years old: To purchase long guns (rifles and shotguns).
- At least 21 years old: To purchase handguns.
- A resident of Missouri: While non-residents can purchase firearms under certain circumstances (mostly long guns), specific requirements and restrictions apply, often requiring documentation and compliance with their home state's laws.
- Legally allowed to possess a firearm: This is a crucial point. Individuals with felony convictions, certain misdemeanor convictions (e.g., domestic violence), or those adjudicated as mentally incompetent are generally prohibited from owning firearms. The specifics of disqualifying offenses can be complex and are subject to interpretation.
The Purchase Process: Step-by-Step
The process generally involves these key steps:
1. Choosing a Licensed Firearms Dealer
Missouri requires that most firearm sales go through a licensed firearms dealer (FFL). Private sales of long guns between Missouri residents are permitted with certain conditions. However, private sales of handguns are usually prohibited. Finding a reputable FFL is your first step. You can search for licensed dealers online or through the Missouri State Highway Patrol's website (though they do not provide a direct dealer locator).
2. Completing the Background Check
A critical part of the process is the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check. The dealer will initiate this check using your information, including your personal details and driver's license or other acceptable identification.
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Waiting Period: Missouri does not have a mandatory waiting period for firearm purchases after the NICS check is completed. However, the background check itself can take time, depending on factors like the volume of requests and whether additional information is needed.
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Denied Applications: If your application is denied, you will be notified. Understanding the reasons for denial and exploring possible legal recourse is crucial.
3. Purchasing Your Firearm
Once your background check is approved, you can complete the purchase. Ensure you understand the terms of sale and the firearm's operation before leaving the store.
4. Understanding Missouri's Firearm Laws
Beyond the purchase process, it's essential to be aware of other significant Missouri firearm laws:
- Concealed Carry: Missouri is a "shall-issue" state for concealed carry permits. While a permit isn't always required for carrying a firearm, obtaining a permit often provides additional rights and benefits.
- Storage Laws: Missouri has laws regarding the safe storage of firearms, particularly in households with children.
- Transportation: Laws dictate how you can transport firearms in your vehicle.
- Open Carry: While generally permitted in Missouri, there are restrictions in certain places (e.g., schools, government buildings).
Additional Resources and Considerations
For the most up-to-date and accurate information, consult these resources:
- Missouri State Highway Patrol: The Missouri State Highway Patrol website often contains information on firearm laws and regulations.
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF): The ATF is a federal agency with jurisdiction over firearms.
- Consult an Attorney: Seek legal counsel for any questions or concerns regarding Missouri firearm laws. This is especially important if you have a prior criminal record or other factors that may affect your eligibility.
This guide provides a general overview. The nuances of Missouri firearm laws are complex and can change. Always verify information with official sources and seek legal guidance when necessary. Responsible firearm ownership includes understanding and adhering to all applicable laws.
