Maintaining your AR-15 rifle is crucial for its longevity, reliable performance, and, most importantly, your safety. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of thoroughly cleaning your AR-15, covering everything from basic field stripping to detailed cleaning procedures. We'll also discuss the tools and materials you'll need, and offer tips for safe handling throughout the cleaning process.
Essential Tools and Materials for AR-15 Cleaning
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and materials. Improper cleaning can damage your firearm, so having the right equipment is essential.
- AR-15 Cleaning Kit: A good quality kit will usually include a bore brush, cleaning rod (preferably a one-piece rod to avoid damage), patches, and a cleaning jag. Look for kits specifically designed for the .223/5.56 caliber.
- Gun Oil: Use a high-quality gun oil specifically designed for firearms. Avoid using household lubricants.
- Solvent: A solvent is used to break down fouling and residue. Choose a solvent appropriate for your ammunition type.
- Cotton Patches: Use plenty of clean cotton patches to wipe down the barrel and other parts.
- Cleaning Mat: A cleaning mat provides a clean and organized workspace, protecting your firearm from scratches and keeping your tools in place.
- Eye Protection: Always wear eye protection when cleaning your firearm to protect your eyes from flying debris.
Step-by-Step AR-15 Cleaning Process
1. Field Stripping:
Before you start cleaning, field strip your AR-15. This involves removing the upper receiver from the lower receiver. Numerous online resources and videos detail this process, including many from reputable firearms manufacturers. Always consult your owner's manual for specific instructions. Improper field stripping can damage your firearm, so take your time and ensure you understand the process.
2. Cleaning the Barrel:
This is the most crucial part of the cleaning process.
- Attach the cleaning rod: Securely attach the cleaning rod to the cleaning jag.
- Apply solvent: Apply a small amount of solvent to a patch and attach it to the jag.
- Push the patch through the barrel: Slowly push the patch through the barrel from the breech (chamber end) to the muzzle (front end).
- Repeat: Repeat this process several times with fresh, solvent-soaked patches until the patches come out clean.
- Dry the barrel: Once the barrel is clean, repeat the process with dry patches to remove all traces of solvent.
- Lubricate the barrel: Apply a small amount of gun oil to a patch and lightly lubricate the barrel.
3. Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG):
The BCG is a critical component of your AR-15. Carefully disassemble the BCG according to your owner's manual. Clean all parts thoroughly using solvent and patches, paying particular attention to the firing pin and extractor. Once cleaned, reassemble and lubricate the BCG.
4. Cleaning the Upper Receiver:
Clean the upper receiver using patches and solvent, focusing on removing any powder residue or debris. Pay attention to the ejection port and the area around the charging handle.
5. Cleaning the Lower Receiver:
Clean the lower receiver, focusing on removing any dirt or debris. Avoid getting oil or solvent on the trigger components.
6. Reassembly:
Carefully reassemble your AR-15, ensuring all parts are properly aligned and seated. Refer to your owner's manual for the correct reassembly procedure.
Frequency of Cleaning
The frequency of cleaning your AR-15 depends on several factors, including the amount you shoot and the conditions you shoot in. As a general rule, you should clean your AR-15 after each shooting session. If you shoot in harsh conditions (dust, sand, etc.), more frequent cleaning may be necessary.
Safety First!
Always practice safe gun handling techniques. Never point the firearm at anything you don't intend to shoot, keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire, and always be aware of your surroundings. When cleaning your firearm, ensure it is unloaded and that the safety is engaged.
This guide provides a general overview of cleaning an AR-15. Always consult your firearm's owner's manual for specific instructions and safety precautions. If you are unsure about any part of the cleaning process, seek the assistance of a qualified gunsmith.
