Disassembling an AR-15 rifle can seem daunting at first, but with a little knowledge and careful attention, it's a straightforward process. This guide will walk you through the steps, emphasizing safety and proper technique. Always ensure your firearm is unloaded and the chamber is clear before beginning any disassembly. This is paramount for your safety and the safety of those around you. Verify this multiple times.
Tools You'll Need
Before you begin, gather the following tools:
- A punch or similar tool: A small punch (brass is ideal) or even a straightened paperclip can be used to push out pins.
- A cleaning rod (optional): While not strictly necessary for disassembly, it's helpful to have one on hand for cleaning afterward.
- A soft cloth: To prevent scratching the firearm's finish.
Step-by-Step Disassembly
This guide focuses on field stripping, which involves breaking down the AR-15 into its major components for cleaning and maintenance. Complete disassembly goes much further and should only be attempted by individuals with extensive experience and knowledge of the firearm's inner workings.
1. Removing the Magazine: Begin by ensuring the magazine is removed from the rifle.
2. Checking the Chamber: Visually inspect the chamber to confirm it's empty. Then, lock the bolt to the rear (either by pulling the charging handle or using the bolt catch). This ensures the bolt group is held in place during disassembly.
3. Removing the Upper Receiver: The upper and lower receivers are connected by two pins. Using your punch or other tool, carefully push out the takedown pins located on either side of the lower receiver. These pins will often eject themselves upon slight pressure. Gently separate the upper and lower receivers.
4. Separating the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Once the upper receiver is removed, the bolt carrier group (BCG) can be removed. The BCG consists of the bolt, bolt carrier, and cam pin. Simply pull the charging handle to the rear and let the bolt carrier group slide out of the upper receiver.
5. Disassembling the BCG (Optional): This step is generally only needed for deep cleaning or if there's a problem with the BCG. This requires a specialized tool or significant expertise. It's not advisable unless you're experienced with AR-15 maintenance.
Reassembly
Reassembly is essentially the reverse of disassembly. Remember to carefully align the components, ensuring the pins are properly inserted and seated.
1. BCG Insertion: Insert the BCG into the upper receiver, ensuring it moves freely.
2. Upper Receiver Attachment: Align the upper and lower receivers and carefully insert the takedown pins. Gently tap them into place until fully seated.
3. Magazine Insertion: Insert the magazine into the lower receiver.
4. Function Check: Before firing, always carefully cycle the action several times to ensure smooth operation.
Safety Precautions
- Always handle firearms responsibly: Treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
- Keep your fingers off the trigger: Until you're ready to fire.
- Store firearms safely: When not in use, store them unloaded in a secure location.
- Wear eye protection: When disassembling and reassembling firearms to protect your eyes from flying debris.
Conclusion
Disassembling an AR-15 is a relatively simple process once you understand the steps. However, always prioritize safety and take your time. If you are uncertain about any step, consult a qualified firearms expert or refer to a detailed manual specific to your AR-15 model. Regular cleaning and maintenance will keep your AR-15 functioning correctly and safely for years to come. Remember, this guide is for informational purposes only, and safe firearm handling practices should always be followed.
