The ability to lock the bolt back on your AR-15 is a crucial skill for any responsible firearms owner. Whether you're performing maintenance, clearing a malfunction, or simply practicing safe firearm handling, knowing how to manipulate the bolt catch is essential. This guide will provide a step-by-step explanation of how to lock the bolt back, covering various scenarios and addressing common issues.
Understanding the Bolt Catch Mechanism
Before diving into the practical steps, it's important to understand the function of the bolt catch mechanism. The bolt catch is a small lever located on the lower receiver of your AR-15, usually on the right side. Its primary purpose is to temporarily hold the bolt carrier group (BCG) in its rearward position, preventing the bolt from moving forward. This is particularly useful for:
- Safe unloading: Locking the bolt open allows for a visual inspection of the chamber to ensure it's clear of ammunition before handling the firearm.
- Maintenance: Keeping the bolt back provides easy access to the chamber for cleaning and lubrication.
- Malfunction clearing: In the event of a malfunction, locking the bolt back can assist in diagnosing and resolving the problem.
- Training and practice: Practicing manipulations like this improves familiarity and proficiency with your firearm.
Methods for Locking the Bolt Back
There are two primary ways to lock the bolt back on an AR-15:
1. Using the Bolt Catch Lever
This is the most common and straightforward method.
- Ensure the firearm is unloaded: This is the most crucial step. Always visually inspect the chamber to verify it’s clear of ammunition before handling your weapon.
- Manually cycle the charging handle: Pull the charging handle firmly to the rear, sending the bolt carrier group to the rear and ejecting any spent casing.
- Engage the bolt catch: As the BCG moves rearward, the bolt will automatically engage the bolt catch, locking the BCG in the rear position. You might feel or hear a slight click as the bolt catch engages.
2. Using the Bolt Release
Some AR-15s feature a bolt release button, typically located on the left side of the lower receiver. This button allows you to release the bolt from the locked-back position.
- With the bolt locked back: Locate the bolt release button.
- Press the bolt release: Press the bolt release button, and the bolt will move forward under spring pressure.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
While generally straightforward, you might encounter occasional issues:
- Bolt won't lock back: This could be due to a faulty bolt catch, a damaged bolt, or excessive lubrication. If this persists, consult a qualified gunsmith.
- Bolt catch won't release: This may be caused by debris, a bent bolt catch, or a similar mechanical issue. Again, professional assistance might be necessary.
- Charging handle won't fully cycle: A variety of factors including dirty or improperly lubricated parts can cause this problem. Check the chamber for obstructions and clean and lubricate your weapon according to the manufacturer's specifications.
Safety First: A Final Note
Remember, firearm safety is paramount. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded, regardless of whether you believe it to be unloaded. Familiarize yourself thoroughly with your specific AR-15 model's manual before attempting any of these procedures. Consider taking a firearms safety course for more in-depth training and instruction. Regular cleaning and maintenance of your AR-15 are vital to its proper functioning and your safety.
