Tanning a hide with the hair intact is a rewarding but challenging process, requiring patience, precision, and a good understanding of the materials and techniques involved. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step, helping you achieve a beautifully preserved hide that retains its natural beauty and unique character.
Preparing the Hide: The Foundation of Success
Before you even think about tanning, proper preparation is crucial. A poorly prepared hide will result in a poor-quality final product, no matter how skilled you are at the tanning process itself.
1. Fleshing: Removing Unwanted Tissue
The first step is fleshing, the meticulous removal of all remaining muscle, fat, and connective tissue from the hide's flesh side. This can be done with a fleshing knife, a specialized tool designed for this purpose. Thorough fleshing prevents putrefaction and ensures even tanning. Take your time; a rushed job here will compromise the final product.
2. Cleaning: Purity is Key
After fleshing, thoroughly clean the hide. This involves washing it with plenty of water to remove any remaining debris, blood, and tissue remnants. You can use a mild detergent if necessary, but ensure you rinse it completely afterward. A clean hide is essential for preventing bacterial growth and ensuring the tanning agents penetrate effectively.
3. Salting: Preserving the Hide
Salting is a crucial preservation step, preventing decomposition and allowing you to work on the hide over several days or even weeks. Liberally apply non-iodized salt to both sides of the hide, ensuring the salt penetrates the entire thickness. Let the hide sit in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area for several days, turning and re-salting as needed. The length of time required depends on the size and thickness of the hide, and the ambient temperature and humidity.
The Tanning Process: Transforming the Hide
Once the hide is properly prepared, you can begin the tanning process itself. Several methods exist; we'll focus on a traditional brain tanning method. This method uses the brains of the animal, rich in enzymes that help break down collagen fibers and soften the hide.
1. Brain Preparation: The Natural Tanning Agent
Carefully remove the animal's brain and mix it with water. You'll need to thoroughly emulsify the brain matter until you have a smooth, creamy consistency. This mixture contains essential enzymes critical for the tanning process.
2. Application and Working: Softening the Hide
Apply the brain mixture evenly to both sides of the hide, ensuring complete coverage. This should be done progressively over several days or even weeks. Work the mixture thoroughly into the hide using your hands or a suitable tool. This process helps the tanning agents penetrate deeply and softens the hide. Regular working is key to achieving a supple final product. The hide should be kept moist throughout this process.
3. Drying: Setting the Tan
After applying the brain mixture, the hide must be carefully dried. Avoid direct sunlight or intense heat, which can damage the hide. The drying process should be slow and gradual to ensure the hide retains its flexibility and softness. Regularly check the hide’s moisture level, and use a humidifier if necessary to prevent excessive drying and cracking.
4. Finishing: The Final Touches
Once the hide is thoroughly dry, you may want to further soften it. This can be achieved by working the hide with your hands, using a softening agent, or even by using a drum to tumble and work the hide.
Maintaining Your Hair-On Hide
Proper care will ensure your hair-on hide remains supple and beautiful for years to come. Store it in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Regularly inspect it for any signs of damage and address them promptly.
This process requires patience and attention to detail, but the result is a uniquely beautiful and lasting piece of craftsmanship. Remember, each hide is unique, and you may need to adapt these steps based on the specific animal and its hide. Researching additional resources and seeking advice from experienced tanners can be invaluable.
