Is 20 Gauge Bigger Than 12 Gauge? Understanding Shotgun Gauge
The simple answer is no, a 20-gauge shotgun is not bigger than a 12-gauge shotgun. In fact, it's quite the opposite. The seemingly counterintuitive numbering system for shotgun gauges can be confusing, so let's break down exactly what it means.
Understanding Shotgun Gauge: A Measure of Bore Diameter
Shotgun gauge refers to the number of lead balls, each with a diameter equal to the inside diameter of the barrel, that would weigh one pound. Therefore, a lower gauge number indicates a larger diameter barrel.
- 12 Gauge: A 12-gauge shotgun's barrel is large enough to accommodate 12 lead balls, each weighing 1/12th of a pound.
- 20 Gauge: A 20-gauge shotgun's barrel is large enough to accommodate 20 lead balls, each weighing 1/20th of a pound.
Since 12 is a smaller number than 20, a 12-gauge shotgun has a larger bore diameter than a 20-gauge shotgun.
Implications of Gauge Size: Shell Capacity and Recoil
The difference in bore diameter has several significant implications:
- Shell Capacity: 12-gauge shotguns generally hold larger shells with more powder and shot, leading to greater power and range.
- Recoil: The larger shells and greater power of 12-gauge shotguns result in stronger recoil, making them potentially more difficult for some shooters to handle, especially beginners. 20-gauge shotguns offer a milder recoil, making them more comfortable for many shooters.
- Shot Pattern: The larger bore of the 12-gauge can produce a wider shot pattern at longer ranges. The tighter pattern of the 20-gauge can be advantageous for precision shooting at shorter to medium distances.
- Weight and Size: Generally, 12-gauge shotguns are heavier and bulkier than 20-gauge shotguns. This can be both a pro (more stable) and a con (more tiring to carry).
Choosing the Right Gauge: Considerations for Shooters
The best gauge for you depends on your individual needs and preferences:
- Beginner Shooters: 20-gauge shotguns are often recommended for beginners due to their lower recoil.
- Hunting: 12-gauge is a popular choice for hunting larger game due to its greater power. 20-gauge is suitable for smaller game and upland birds.
- Target Shooting: Both gauges are used in target shooting, with the choice often determined by personal preference and the specific discipline.
- Physical Capabilities: Individuals with less upper body strength might find a 20-gauge more manageable.
Ultimately, the decision of whether to choose a 12-gauge or a 20-gauge shotgun involves considering several factors related to your shooting experience, intended use, and physical abilities. Consulting with experienced shooters or professionals at a firearms retailer can be invaluable in making an informed decision.
