The question of whether the .40 S&W cartridge is "dead" is a complex one, sparking heated debates among firearms enthusiasts and professionals alike. The short answer? No, it's not dead, but its popularity has undeniably waned. This article delves into the reasons behind the decline, examines its remaining strengths, and assesses its future prospects.
The Rise and Fall of the .40 S&W
Introduced in 1990 as a compromise between the stopping power of the .45 ACP and the manageable recoil of the 9mm, the .40 S&W quickly gained popularity among law enforcement agencies. Its perceived superior stopping power, coupled with relatively manageable recoil for duty use, made it a favorite for many departments.
However, over time, several factors contributed to its decline:
1. Recoil and Shootability:
While touted as a compromise, the .40 S&W's recoil proved more substantial than many anticipated. This often led to faster shooter fatigue, reduced accuracy, and slower follow-up shots, especially during high-stress situations. The 9mm's advancements in bullet technology significantly mitigated its previous stopping power shortcomings, making it a more attractive option.
2. Advances in 9mm Ammunition:
Modern 9mm ammunition boasts significantly improved stopping power thanks to advancements in projectile design, such as jacketed hollow points (JHPs) and expanding bullets. These advancements have largely closed the gap in terminal ballistics between the 9mm and the .40 S&W, negating one of the .40's key advantages.
3. Capacity Concerns:
For many handgun platforms, the .40 S&W offered fewer rounds in the magazine compared to the 9mm. This capacity disadvantage became a significant factor, particularly in self-defense scenarios where carrying extra rounds is crucial.
4. Law Enforcement Trends:
Many law enforcement agencies have shifted back to the 9mm due to the aforementioned advancements in ammunition technology and its enhanced capacity. This trend significantly impacted the .40 S&W's market share.
The .40 S&W's Remaining Strengths
Despite its decline in popularity, the .40 S&W isn't entirely obsolete. It still possesses several advantages:
- Stopping Power: While the gap has narrowed, the .40 S&W generally delivers more energy upon impact than a 9mm round, offering a potential edge in certain situations.
- Availability: Ammunition and firearms chambered in .40 S&W remain readily available, though perhaps not as plentiful as 9mm.
- Existing Inventory: Many individuals and law enforcement agencies still possess a considerable inventory of .40 S&W firearms and ammunition.
The Future of the .40 S&W
The future of the .40 S&W is likely one of continued decline, though it won't disappear entirely. It will probably remain a niche caliber, popular among those who already own firearms chambered in this cartridge, or those who prefer its perceived stopping power despite the trade-offs in recoil and capacity. However, the 9mm's dominance will likely continue to grow.
Conclusion
The .40 S&W is not "dead," but its reign as a dominant cartridge is over. Technological advancements in 9mm ammunition and the superior shootability of the 9mm have shifted the market significantly. While the .40 S&W still holds some advantages, its drawbacks outweigh its benefits for most shooters, particularly in self-defense and law enforcement contexts. The caliber's future likely lies as a niche option, maintained primarily by existing users and those who prioritize its perceived stopping power over other factors.
