The US Model 1917 Eddystone rifle holds a significant place in firearms history, representing a crucial contribution to the Allied effort during World War I. This detailed guide explores its origins, design features, variations, and lasting legacy.
The Genesis of the Model 1917
The United States' entry into World War I in 1917 created an urgent need for a substantial increase in rifle production. Existing manufacturing capacity proved insufficient to meet the demand for the standard Springfield Model 1903. This led to the adoption of a modified version of the British Pattern 1914 Enfield rifle, manufactured under license by several American companies. Among these, the Eddystone Arsenal, located in Eddystone, Pennsylvania, played a particularly significant role.
Eddystone's Contribution to the War Effort
The Remington Arms Company initially produced a large number of Model 1917 rifles, but the Eddystone plant became a crucial source of these weapons. Its massive production run cemented the Eddystone Model 1917's place in history. The plant's efficiency and output contributed significantly to supplying the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) with the necessary weaponry.
Design Features and Specifications
The Model 1917 Eddystone rifle shares many features with its British counterpart but exhibits key differences. Some of its defining characteristics include:
- Caliber: .30-06 Springfield
- Action: Bolt-action, with a Mauser-type design. This is a significant departure from the earlier Springfield Model 1903.
- Magazine: Internal box magazine, holding five rounds.
- Barrel: Relatively long barrel length, contributing to accuracy and range.
- Sights: Leaf rear sight and a front blade sight.
- Stock: Typically made of walnut, though variations exist.
While the basic design was borrowed, Eddystone incorporated subtle modifications for efficient manufacturing and to better suit American ammunition and preferences.
Variations and Markings
Collectors and enthusiasts often focus on identifying subtle variations among Eddystone Model 1917 rifles. These variations include:
- Receiver Markings: Identifying markings on the receiver help pinpoint the rifle's manufacturer and production period. These markings often include the Remington logo (for those made under contract) and various other serial numbers.
- Stock Variations: Minor differences in the stock's design and finish are common.
- Bolt Variations: Slight modifications in the bolt design can occur across different production batches.
These minor variations contribute to the collectible nature of the Eddystone Model 1917.
Legacy and Collectibility
Today, the US Model 1917 Eddystone rifle remains a popular collectible firearm. Its historical significance, association with World War I, and relatively accessible pricing compared to other military rifles make it desirable among collectors and enthusiasts. The different variations and markings further enhance its appeal. Careful examination of markings and features can help collectors identify specific sub-variations within the overall production run. Accurate identification is key for determining a rifle's historical context and collector value.
Conclusion
The US Model 1917 Eddystone rifle stands as a testament to American wartime production and its vital role in the Allied victory in World War I. Its robust design, widespread use, and variations make it a fascinating subject of study for both firearm historians and collectors. Understanding its history and features provides a deeper appreciation for this iconic piece of military history.
