What You Need to Buy a Gun in Missouri: A Comprehensive Guide
Buying a firearm in Missouri involves several steps and requirements, depending on the type of firearm and your circumstances. This guide breaks down the process, ensuring you understand the laws and regulations before making a purchase. It's crucial to remember that this information is for guidance only, and you should always consult with Missouri state law and local law enforcement for the most up-to-date and accurate information.
Handguns vs. Long Guns: Key Differences in Missouri Gun Laws
Missouri differentiates between handguns and long guns (rifles and shotguns) when it comes to purchasing regulations.
Handguns:
- Permit Required: Missouri requires a permit to purchase a handgun. This is different from a concealed carry permit. The permit application process involves a background check and typically requires providing fingerprints. The waiting period can vary.
- Waiting Period: While a permit is required, Missouri does not currently have a waiting period for handgun purchases after the permit has been issued. This means once your permit is approved, you can purchase the handgun immediately.
Long Guns (Rifles and Shotguns):
- Generally No Permit Required: In most cases, no permit is required to purchase a long gun in Missouri. However, you must still undergo a background check through a licensed firearms dealer.
- Waiting Period: There is no mandatory waiting period for long gun purchases in Missouri.
The Background Check Process: A Universal Requirement
Regardless of whether you're purchasing a handgun or a long gun from a licensed dealer, you will undergo a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check. This check verifies that you are legally eligible to own a firearm.
Factors that can disqualify you from purchasing a firearm include (but are not limited to):
- Felony conviction: A prior felony conviction generally prohibits firearm ownership.
- Domestic violence conviction: Conviction for a misdemeanor or felony involving domestic violence can also disqualify you.
- Certain mental health adjudications: Individuals adjudicated as mentally defective or committed to a mental institution may be prohibited.
- Dishonorable discharge from the military: This can prevent firearm ownership.
- Fugitive from justice: Individuals who are fugitives from justice are ineligible.
- Illegal drug use: Unlawful use or addiction to controlled substances can prevent you from purchasing a firearm.
Private Party Transfers: Additional Considerations
Purchasing firearms from private citizens (not licensed dealers) in Missouri has its own set of considerations. While the NICS background check is bypassed in private sales, it’s still crucial to be aware of and comply with all relevant state and federal laws regarding firearm ownership. These transfers often carry the risk of unknowingly violating the law. This is strongly discouraged unless you are thoroughly versed in Missouri's firearms laws.
Obtaining a Missouri Handgun Purchase Permit
To obtain a Missouri handgun purchase permit, you'll generally need to:
- Meet age requirements: You must be at least 19 years old.
- Complete an application: The application will require personal information, including your fingerprints.
- Undergo a background check: The state will conduct a thorough background check.
- Pay applicable fees: There are fees associated with the application and processing.
Staying Informed: The Importance of Ongoing Research
Firearms laws are complex and subject to change. This information is intended as a general overview and not as legal advice. It is imperative to consult the official Missouri state statutes, as well as consult with legal professionals or law enforcement agencies for the most current and precise information before purchasing any firearm. Responsible gun ownership includes a thorough understanding of the law.