The military's use of shotguns is less prevalent than that of rifles or pistols, but they still hold a valuable niche role in specific combat situations. Unlike civilian markets where shotguns boast a huge variety of models, military applications demand reliability, durability, and effectiveness in close-quarters combat (CQB). This necessitates a more limited selection of specialized weapons. Let's explore which shotguns have seen, and continue to see, military service.
Common Military Shotguns and Their Roles
While the exact models and numbers vary by branch and country, certain shotguns consistently emerge as favorites for their robust design and battlefield performance. These are often modified from commercially available models to better suit military needs, incorporating features like enhanced durability, specialized barrel lengths, and accessories for specific missions.
1. Remington 870: A Workhorse of Military Service
The Remington 870 pump-action shotgun is arguably the most recognizable and widely adopted shotgun in military history. Its simple, robust design, ease of maintenance, and readily available parts have made it a mainstay for various armed forces worldwide. The military versions often feature modifications tailored to operational needs, such as shorter barrels for CQB, side-saddle shell holders for increased capacity, and tactical stocks for improved ergonomics. Its reliability in harsh conditions has cemented its legacy.
2. Mossberg 500/590: A Durable and Versatile Alternative
The Mossberg 500 and 590 series pump-action shotguns offer a strong alternative to the Remington 870. Similar in simplicity and reliability, Mossberg shotguns have also seen significant military adoption. Their robust construction and resistance to malfunctions in demanding environments have contributed to their popularity. Like the Remington 870, military variants typically include modifications optimized for tactical applications.
3. Benelli M1014: The Semi-Automatic Option
For situations requiring a higher rate of fire, semi-automatic shotguns like the Benelli M1014 are often preferred. This inertia-driven shotgun is known for its reliability and quick follow-up shots, providing a significant advantage in close-quarters combat scenarios. Its reputation for ruggedness and effectiveness under pressure has made it a favored choice among select special operations units.
Specialized Roles and Considerations
Military shotgun usage is highly contextual. The choice of shotgun depends on the mission's specific requirements. Here are some key aspects:
Close-Quarters Combat (CQB):
Shotguns are exceptionally effective in CQB. The wide spread of shot at close range provides a significant advantage in quickly neutralizing threats. Shorter barrel lengths optimize maneuverability within confined spaces.
Breaching and Door Clearing:
Specialized breaching shotguns utilize less-lethal munitions or specialized slugs to create entry points without causing significant collateral damage. These shotguns might feature modifications to handle the increased recoil of specialized rounds.
Less-Lethal Options:
Some military units employ shotguns fitted with less-lethal rounds, such as beanbag rounds or rubber bullets, for crowd control or non-lethal engagements. This mitigates the risk of causing potentially fatal injuries.
Conclusion: Adaptability and Reliability are Key
The military's choice of shotguns is driven primarily by reliability and adaptability. While various models exist, the core requirements remain consistent: a durable and easy-to-maintain weapon capable of providing immediate stopping power at close range. While not as ubiquitous as rifles, the shotgun continues to serve a valuable, and often specialized, role in the modern military's arsenal. Further research into specific military branches and special operations units may reveal more detailed information on their exact preferences and adaptations of commercially available shotguns.
