What Size Shot for Turkey Hunting with a 20 Gauge?
Choosing the right shot size for turkey hunting with a 20 gauge is crucial for a successful hunt. While a 12 gauge is traditionally favored, the 20 gauge, with the right ammunition, can be highly effective, especially at closer ranges. Let's delve into the best shot sizes and other factors to consider.
Understanding Shot Size and Turkey Hunting
Shot size refers to the number of lead pellets per ounce. Smaller numbers indicate larger pellets (e.g., #4 shot is larger than #6 shot). For turkey hunting, you need shot that delivers enough energy to penetrate feathers and vital organs. The larger the shot, the greater the knock-down power, but the fewer pellets per shell. This affects pattern density, a critical aspect of effective turkey hunting.
Best Shot Sizes for 20 Gauge Turkey Hunting:
Generally, #4 and #5 shot are the most popular choices for 20-gauge turkey hunting.
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#4 Shot: This is a powerful option that delivers excellent stopping power at moderate ranges. It's a good all-around choice and often preferred by hunters who prioritize lethality. However, it has fewer pellets per shell compared to smaller shot sizes.
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#5 Shot: Provides a good balance between penetration and pellet count. You'll get a denser pattern than with #4 shot, which can be beneficial for longer shots or if your aim is slightly off. This is a strong contender, particularly for hunters who are confident in their accuracy.
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#6 Shot: While some hunters use #6, it’s generally considered best for shorter ranges. It offers the tightest patterns with the highest pellet count, but may lack the penetration needed for longer shots or birds presenting a tougher angle.
Factors Influencing Shot Size Selection:
Beyond the shot size itself, several factors influence your choice:
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Range: Shorter ranges (under 30 yards) allow for the use of smaller shot sizes due to higher pattern density. Longer ranges require larger shot sizes for sufficient penetration.
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Choke: Your shotgun's choke significantly impacts the pattern of your shot. A tighter choke (like a full or extra-full) is needed for turkey hunting to create a concentrated pattern. This maximizes the pellet density at the target, regardless of the shot size you choose. Experimenting at the range with different choke and shot size combinations is highly recommended.
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Ammunition Type: Consider the type of shot (lead, tungsten, or other alternatives) as well as the shell's overall load and velocity. Higher velocity generally translates to better performance at longer ranges.
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Turkey Size and Behavior: Larger toms might require a larger shot size for reliable penetration, while smaller hens may be effectively taken with a slightly smaller shot. A bird's presentation will also dictate shot selection, with a head-on shot needing better penetration compared to a broadside shot.
Conclusion:
For most turkey hunters using a 20 gauge, #4 or #5 shot is an excellent choice. However, carefully consider the range, choke, and ammunition type. Always practice thoroughly to understand how your specific setup performs before heading out into the field. Responsible hunting practices and ethical considerations should always be paramount in your decision-making. Success in turkey hunting is a combination of skill, preparation, and appropriate equipment choices.
